Intercultural Communication
14 years ago
Saturday, June 26, 2010
The National Communication Association
The National Communication Association (NCA) (http://www.natcom.org/) is a nationwide organization that provides resources for students, researchers, teachers, artists and practitioners on communication areas and interests. It regularly publishes a scholarly journal, organizes conferences and conventions, and provides career services such as job directories. It targets five areas: the home, the campus, the workplace, the immediate society and the greater world. In all these, excellence as well as advancement is the motivating guide of activities, which range from Internet forums to actual conventions. It sees communication in the general context of human interaction, thus allowing for a multi-perspective and greatly socially involved projects and services. While based in the U.S., it is open to many different countries around the world.
The American Communication Association
The American Communication Association (ACA) (www.americancomm.org) is a non-profit organization that aims for the advancement of communication through the academe and law. There are four areas of focus. First is the promotion of scholarship in the field of communication; second is the promotion of excellence in the teaching and study of communication; third is proper representation in the creation and content of communication laws and policies; and fourth is the creation of a system that would effectively evaluate and certify communication services. They also publish a scholarly journal, which is the American Communication Journal, which contains articles on the latest development in the communication industry, whether it’s on theory, technology or other pertinent issues. Joining ACA will mean being part of a community that will greatly help students, academicians, and practitioners of the field. With membership free and Internet-based, the organization ensures that participation is not only easy but accessible to all.
The Association of Professional Communication Consultants
The Association of Professional Communication Consultants (APCC) (www.consultingsuccess.org) provides several services for communication consultants that are either new to the profession or are looking for ways to improve their skills and expand their market. As outlined in their website, they provide a venue for skills improvement, opportunities to market one’s skills, quick access to communication consultants, and interaction among members. Members receive updates on the latest development or issue on the profession, get access to company and jobs opening directories, and can link their own websites in APCC’s website, to name a few particular activities. Ultimately, too, they seek to help the profession advance – indeed, when there are more opportunities for people, they too become better contributors to the field. I find this equally interesting especially the numerous and updated links they provide. It makes looking for jobs and career opportunities easier, faster and cheaper.
Communications Roundtable
Communications Roundtable (www.roundtable.org) seeks to help people in the field search for jobs and improve their careers. They provide links to employers’ websites, job listings as well as business opportunities information. What’s interesting about this organization is how they create a community by helping their members as well asking for their help. For instance, they are invited to post information on new available jobs and career opportunities. What one gets is not only an organization that doles out assistance but that involves members with each other, creating a more solid community of communications professionals. Another interesting aspect of this organization is how they sincerely assist communications professionals by focusing on particular groups, such as older job seekers. This will greatly benefit me as I will soon need to build my own career, thus needing to know from others in the field and accessing all resources I can get.
The International Association of Business Communicators
The International Association of Business Communicators (www.iabc.com) is an organization of professionals from various communication functions areas tied together through the functions of business communication. They have members working in public relations to those in video and photography production, and from those in teaching to those in marketing. Among the benefits that members will experience are receiving insights, advice and assistance; tapping into job opening and career options; accessing a vast library of resources that can help improve one’s knowledge or skills; and being part of community that simply support one another in this tough and ever-evolving field of business communications. What makes this organization especially significant is how nowadays, professionals cannot really progress in their careers without continuously improving themselves, keeping themselves updated with the latest trends and issues, and working with other professionals in other but similar fields.
Monday, June 21, 2010
Career Fields (Communication Studies Major)
A degree in communications is based on the study of language and rhetoric (skill or art of using language effectively) and on ways of utilizing these two for the benefit of the society. It focuses on communication skills based on both oral and written forms. It is also involved in the study of people’s behavioral communications in a variety of formats and situations. Because it majorly focuses on the improvements of communication skills of the students, they are more likely to be easily hired in almost every company that they apply to after their graduation. Communication skills are essential in many industries today, such as: business, government, education, media, manufacturing politics, etc. This huge availability for various career opportunities makes it easy for a communication graduate to find a place or function in our society today. Five (5) of the most popular career fields for a communication studies major are specified below.
An Opportunity for Studying Law
For someone who wishes to become a lawyer, like me, it must be noted that four (4) years of “pre-law” undergraduate major study is required before one could pursue three (3) years of study in law school. Afterwards, a qualification in the bar examinations is required before one could be proclaimed as a professional lawyer. Aside from this, any potential lawyer should develop expertise in reading, writing, researching, analyzing and logical thinking. Although the study of law does not necessarily require any specific “pre-law” studies, students of communications, English and foreign languages, public speaking, philosophy, history, mathematics, etc. are just some of the prospective student applicants for law. Lawyers’ nature of work essentially requires speaking in front of a large public and convincing them into the argument with which he/she is trying to defend or contradict. This is where communications studies major have a good edge among the many other qualified undergraduate studies.
If one had already passed the licensure examination, a new door of variety of application of law will be opened to the bar examinee passer. A lawyer’s job depends on his field of specialization or position. All lawyers have licenses to represent or defend parties in judicial courts but there are also some who practice their profession outside the courtroom. Examples of such are trial lawyers who conduct outside interviews and investigations among clients and witnesses for the preparation of an argument in trial. Potential growths of a lawyer may be through areas of specialties of holding cases such as in banking and finance, international issues, civil or criminal laws, environmental laws, and many others.
This course of path interests me a lot. After my communication studies, I personally plan to pursue the study of law. Aside from the high potential salary earnings, I would like to become a lawyer because I enjoy much on having the ability to combine rhetoric with argument presentation for its defense and/or criticism. I can see myself applying effectively the knowledge and skills I have developed in my communication studies in the practice of law. However, I still do not have a clear vision of what specialization I would want to be engaged in after I pass the bar examinations.
Salaries of experienced lawyers vary generally according to the type, size, and location of their employers. Lawyers who own their own legal firms usually earn less than those who are partners in law firms. The employment for lawyers is expected to depict a thirteen (13) percent rise from 2008-2018. This growth on lawyers’ employment results to their range from the highest median salary of $84,036 (for corporate lawyers) to lowest median salary of $53,148 (for higher education lawyers) according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (2009).
An Opportunity for Studying Law
For someone who wishes to become a lawyer, like me, it must be noted that four (4) years of “pre-law” undergraduate major study is required before one could pursue three (3) years of study in law school. Afterwards, a qualification in the bar examinations is required before one could be proclaimed as a professional lawyer. Aside from this, any potential lawyer should develop expertise in reading, writing, researching, analyzing and logical thinking. Although the study of law does not necessarily require any specific “pre-law” studies, students of communications, English and foreign languages, public speaking, philosophy, history, mathematics, etc. are just some of the prospective student applicants for law. Lawyers’ nature of work essentially requires speaking in front of a large public and convincing them into the argument with which he/she is trying to defend or contradict. This is where communications studies major have a good edge among the many other qualified undergraduate studies.
If one had already passed the licensure examination, a new door of variety of application of law will be opened to the bar examinee passer. A lawyer’s job depends on his field of specialization or position. All lawyers have licenses to represent or defend parties in judicial courts but there are also some who practice their profession outside the courtroom. Examples of such are trial lawyers who conduct outside interviews and investigations among clients and witnesses for the preparation of an argument in trial. Potential growths of a lawyer may be through areas of specialties of holding cases such as in banking and finance, international issues, civil or criminal laws, environmental laws, and many others.
This course of path interests me a lot. After my communication studies, I personally plan to pursue the study of law. Aside from the high potential salary earnings, I would like to become a lawyer because I enjoy much on having the ability to combine rhetoric with argument presentation for its defense and/or criticism. I can see myself applying effectively the knowledge and skills I have developed in my communication studies in the practice of law. However, I still do not have a clear vision of what specialization I would want to be engaged in after I pass the bar examinations.
Salaries of experienced lawyers vary generally according to the type, size, and location of their employers. Lawyers who own their own legal firms usually earn less than those who are partners in law firms. The employment for lawyers is expected to depict a thirteen (13) percent rise from 2008-2018. This growth on lawyers’ employment results to their range from the highest median salary of $84,036 (for corporate lawyers) to lowest median salary of $53,148 (for higher education lawyers) according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (2009).
Friday, June 18, 2010
Cigarette Smoking is Worthless: A Persuasive Essay
Cigarette Smoking is Worthless: A Persuasive Essay
Misty Filippelli
Persuasion and Argumentation
Professor Lawler
April 5, 2010
Cigarette Smoking is Worthless: An Introduction
Tobacco was widely cultivated in the pre-colonial American continent and had people used it in various ways either by chewing, drinking as a tea, or inhaling as a powder. It was smoking the dried leaves of tobacco that became a practice of early priests as they used it to diagnose and heal the sick and fend off evil spirits. As years went by, smoking tobacco became more than just a ritualistic practice. The recreational use of tobacco became part of the elite culture and soon, it has become a prevalent habit throughout the globe and its production is now considered a multibillion-dollar industry (Gilman & Zhou, 2004). However, the habit has now been attributed to the growing numbers of diseases, birth defects, and deaths. In United States, smoking accounts for 434,000 deaths per year (EPA, 1993). 14,000 people worldwide meanwhile die every day because of smoking-related diseases (Tuscaloosa, 2010). Moreover, smokers aren’t the only ones in grave danger. It has been said that bystanders within the presence of a smoker are in danger of accumulating the health-related effect brought about by the emitted chemicals from a cigar. In fact, 33 percent of the nonsmoker population in the United States is exposed with environmental tobacco smoke coming from smokers (Movahed and Milne, 2006). Moreover, the effects caused by smoking cigarettes don’t stop from the dangers it brings to people. Smoking also affects the surrounding environment – the air, water, and the land.
Because of the abovementioned facts, smoking became a widely disputed concern with suggestions to delimit the advertising of tobacco products and to ban smoking in public places thereby creating a conflict with the money-making aspects of tobacco production and consumption. Yet, when prioritizing the welfare of the people above the profitable and economic aspects that tag along with the production and consumption of tobacco, cigarette smoking can be considered a worthless recreational practice as it brings more loss rather than gains to people and therefore should be removed from the society once and for all.
Misty Filippelli
Persuasion and Argumentation
Professor Lawler
April 5, 2010
Cigarette Smoking is Worthless: An Introduction
Tobacco was widely cultivated in the pre-colonial American continent and had people used it in various ways either by chewing, drinking as a tea, or inhaling as a powder. It was smoking the dried leaves of tobacco that became a practice of early priests as they used it to diagnose and heal the sick and fend off evil spirits. As years went by, smoking tobacco became more than just a ritualistic practice. The recreational use of tobacco became part of the elite culture and soon, it has become a prevalent habit throughout the globe and its production is now considered a multibillion-dollar industry (Gilman & Zhou, 2004). However, the habit has now been attributed to the growing numbers of diseases, birth defects, and deaths. In United States, smoking accounts for 434,000 deaths per year (EPA, 1993). 14,000 people worldwide meanwhile die every day because of smoking-related diseases (Tuscaloosa, 2010). Moreover, smokers aren’t the only ones in grave danger. It has been said that bystanders within the presence of a smoker are in danger of accumulating the health-related effect brought about by the emitted chemicals from a cigar. In fact, 33 percent of the nonsmoker population in the United States is exposed with environmental tobacco smoke coming from smokers (Movahed and Milne, 2006). Moreover, the effects caused by smoking cigarettes don’t stop from the dangers it brings to people. Smoking also affects the surrounding environment – the air, water, and the land.
Because of the abovementioned facts, smoking became a widely disputed concern with suggestions to delimit the advertising of tobacco products and to ban smoking in public places thereby creating a conflict with the money-making aspects of tobacco production and consumption. Yet, when prioritizing the welfare of the people above the profitable and economic aspects that tag along with the production and consumption of tobacco, cigarette smoking can be considered a worthless recreational practice as it brings more loss rather than gains to people and therefore should be removed from the society once and for all.
Thursday, June 17, 2010
American Arbitration Association
American Arbitration Association
Misty Filippelli
Communication and Conflict
Dr. Pedersen
July 27, 2009
The American Arbitration Association is considered as one of the top participants in conflict management since 1926. It is a non-profit, public service organization dedicated to the resolution of disputes through the use of conciliation, negotiation, arbitration, mediation, democratic elections and other voluntary procedures. The different cases are filed with the Association which includes commercial, construction, labor, employment, insurance, international and claims program disputes. There are about 29 offices in the U.S., Ireland, and Mexico and the American Arbitration Association gives a forum for the hearing of disputes, rules and procedures with a list of impartial experts to resolve cases (ADR.org).
Misty Filippelli
Communication and Conflict
Dr. Pedersen
July 27, 2009
The American Arbitration Association is considered as one of the top participants in conflict management since 1926. It is a non-profit, public service organization dedicated to the resolution of disputes through the use of conciliation, negotiation, arbitration, mediation, democratic elections and other voluntary procedures. The different cases are filed with the Association which includes commercial, construction, labor, employment, insurance, international and claims program disputes. There are about 29 offices in the U.S., Ireland, and Mexico and the American Arbitration Association gives a forum for the hearing of disputes, rules and procedures with a list of impartial experts to resolve cases (ADR.org).
Persuasion, Seduction, and Manipulation
Siblings, trained to influence:
Persuasion, Seduction, and Manipulation
Misty Filippelli
Persuasion and Argumentation
Professor Lawler
March 15, 2010
If the art of influencing others is a person, persuasion is a lawyer, seduction is Delilah, and manipulation is a Mafia boss. They are siblings trained in the art of influencing, but who grew up in different societies. Persuasion came from a patriarchal world, wherein argumentation is the norm, wherein logos dominates his rhetoric appeals (Erickson & Thomson, 2004, p.302). Seduction grew up in a matriarchal society, wherein women convey power through the art of symbolic persuasion, using aesthetic appeals when needed (Erickson & Thomson, 2004, p.302). Manipulation is reared in a dog-eat-dog culture, and he would shoot you dead, if you are hard to change and not that important. In many cases, however, he will change how you think, through deception or cleverness in packaging language. Persuasion is the masculine version of seduction, and the euphemism of manipulation, because they are different strategies of influencing other people. They will be all treated as people here, as the representative of their influencing strategies. The main difference among them is their varied combinations of rhetoric appeals, wherein persuasion tends to focus on pathos, so it appeals to people who are persuaded by rational methods, seduction dominates through ethos and non-aggressive flirtatious form of rationality (Perloff, 2003, p.26), and it appeals to people who are hard to persuade through logic alone, but can be changed through a mix of anticipation and promise (Erickson & Thomson, 2004, p.302), while manipulation employs win rhetoric, which refers to exhausting all means, to inflict influence, which can influence people who are easily led by fear, and who are not trained in critical thinking (King, 2010, p.72).
Persuasion, Seduction, and Manipulation
Misty Filippelli
Persuasion and Argumentation
Professor Lawler
March 15, 2010
If the art of influencing others is a person, persuasion is a lawyer, seduction is Delilah, and manipulation is a Mafia boss. They are siblings trained in the art of influencing, but who grew up in different societies. Persuasion came from a patriarchal world, wherein argumentation is the norm, wherein logos dominates his rhetoric appeals (Erickson & Thomson, 2004, p.302). Seduction grew up in a matriarchal society, wherein women convey power through the art of symbolic persuasion, using aesthetic appeals when needed (Erickson & Thomson, 2004, p.302). Manipulation is reared in a dog-eat-dog culture, and he would shoot you dead, if you are hard to change and not that important. In many cases, however, he will change how you think, through deception or cleverness in packaging language. Persuasion is the masculine version of seduction, and the euphemism of manipulation, because they are different strategies of influencing other people. They will be all treated as people here, as the representative of their influencing strategies. The main difference among them is their varied combinations of rhetoric appeals, wherein persuasion tends to focus on pathos, so it appeals to people who are persuaded by rational methods, seduction dominates through ethos and non-aggressive flirtatious form of rationality (Perloff, 2003, p.26), and it appeals to people who are hard to persuade through logic alone, but can be changed through a mix of anticipation and promise (Erickson & Thomson, 2004, p.302), while manipulation employs win rhetoric, which refers to exhausting all means, to inflict influence, which can influence people who are easily led by fear, and who are not trained in critical thinking (King, 2010, p.72).
Analysis of “Resolution of Ethical Conflict”
Analysis of “Resolution of Ethical Conflict”
Misty Filippelli
Communication and Conflict
Dr. Pedersen
July 20, 2009
Introduction
The Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) has provided a Statement of ethical professional practice in its website in line with its ethics program. Rushworth Kidder, President of the Institute for Global Ethics, asserted the importance of ethics to the IMA. He noted that ethics should be followed essentially according to its definition: “Ethics in its broader sense, deals with human conduct in relation to what is morally good and bad, right and wrong. It is the application of values to decision making. These values include honesty, fairness, responsibility, respect and compassion” (IMA, 2008a). IMA’s Statement of ethical professional practice includes three courses of action when dealing with ethical conflicts, especially when the organization does not have policies that deal with ethical conflicts (IMA, 2008b). The courses of action are made to support IMA's overarching ethical principles which include Honesty, Fairness, Objectivity, and Responsibility. This paper will explain the purpose and provide suggestions on how the policy could be improved. It will also examine the three courses of action from the communications perspective.
Misty Filippelli
Communication and Conflict
Dr. Pedersen
July 20, 2009
Introduction
The Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) has provided a Statement of ethical professional practice in its website in line with its ethics program. Rushworth Kidder, President of the Institute for Global Ethics, asserted the importance of ethics to the IMA. He noted that ethics should be followed essentially according to its definition: “Ethics in its broader sense, deals with human conduct in relation to what is morally good and bad, right and wrong. It is the application of values to decision making. These values include honesty, fairness, responsibility, respect and compassion” (IMA, 2008a). IMA’s Statement of ethical professional practice includes three courses of action when dealing with ethical conflicts, especially when the organization does not have policies that deal with ethical conflicts (IMA, 2008b). The courses of action are made to support IMA's overarching ethical principles which include Honesty, Fairness, Objectivity, and Responsibility. This paper will explain the purpose and provide suggestions on how the policy could be improved. It will also examine the three courses of action from the communications perspective.
Persuasion with Morals: Ethics As a Guiding Force of Persuasion
Persuasion with morals: Ethics as a guiding force of persuasion
Misty Filippelli
Persuasion and Argumentation
Professor Lawler
March 22, 2010
Persuasion with morals: Ethics as a guiding force of persuasion
Some of the common sources of resentment against business and political marketers are when they manipulate people to change the latter’s beliefs, and when they lie, in order to influence personal or public opinion. These last two actions consist of what can be called persuasion without mores. The issue of ethical persuasion demonstrates the importance of being ethical, when making argumentative claims that aim to persuade other people, because it is not enough that people know how to persuade others, but they should also assure them that they are using honest and accurate information and means in doing so. This paper uses the utilitarian and deontological considerations in making decisions on what content and strategies should be used to persuade people, and they are applied to ethical persuasion used in promoting the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM). This essay argues that ethical behavior should be a guiding force of persuasion; because it will provide principles and practices that promote truthfulness, transparency, respect for the persuadee, equity of the appeal, and social responsibility for the greater good (Baker, 2007, p.223).
Misty Filippelli
Persuasion and Argumentation
Professor Lawler
March 22, 2010
Persuasion with morals: Ethics as a guiding force of persuasion
Some of the common sources of resentment against business and political marketers are when they manipulate people to change the latter’s beliefs, and when they lie, in order to influence personal or public opinion. These last two actions consist of what can be called persuasion without mores. The issue of ethical persuasion demonstrates the importance of being ethical, when making argumentative claims that aim to persuade other people, because it is not enough that people know how to persuade others, but they should also assure them that they are using honest and accurate information and means in doing so. This paper uses the utilitarian and deontological considerations in making decisions on what content and strategies should be used to persuade people, and they are applied to ethical persuasion used in promoting the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM). This essay argues that ethical behavior should be a guiding force of persuasion; because it will provide principles and practices that promote truthfulness, transparency, respect for the persuadee, equity of the appeal, and social responsibility for the greater good (Baker, 2007, p.223).
Critcal Essay on Ethics
Critical Essay on Ethics
Misty Filippelli
Communications in Organizations
Professor Bob Olson
June 1, 2009
Ethical Dilemma One:
Is the night shift at a manufacturing company safe to work at? Concerns of drug use on the production line leads a crew member to search for help without being a whistle-blower. The liaison has been chosen and ethical dilemmas are challenged by courage, ethics, and responsibility.
After reviewing and considering the ethical dilemmas set forth in Fundamentals of Organizational Communication, on page 126, number three read like this:
A crew member from the night-shift’s manufacturing group has come to you as her personnel liaison with concern about drug use on the production line. She won’t give you any specific details for fear of those involved finding out who has turned them in. She suggests that you should investigate immediately but warns against involving her in any way. She asks you not to tell the other personnel liaisons because the grapevine has it that one of them may be involved. (Shockley-Zalabak, 2009, p. 126)
Misty Filippelli
Communications in Organizations
Professor Bob Olson
June 1, 2009
Ethical Dilemma One:
Is the night shift at a manufacturing company safe to work at? Concerns of drug use on the production line leads a crew member to search for help without being a whistle-blower. The liaison has been chosen and ethical dilemmas are challenged by courage, ethics, and responsibility.
After reviewing and considering the ethical dilemmas set forth in Fundamentals of Organizational Communication, on page 126, number three read like this:
A crew member from the night-shift’s manufacturing group has come to you as her personnel liaison with concern about drug use on the production line. She won’t give you any specific details for fear of those involved finding out who has turned them in. She suggests that you should investigate immediately but warns against involving her in any way. She asks you not to tell the other personnel liaisons because the grapevine has it that one of them may be involved. (Shockley-Zalabak, 2009, p. 126)
The Value of Technical Communication
The Value of Technical Communication
Why do we need technical communication?
How would we know how to proceed and move forward without instruction? In Technical Communication, it states that “More and more of our everyday actions and decisions depend on complex but usable technical information. To interact with technology in so many ways, we all rely on usable technical information.” (Lennon, 2008. pg. 2).
What purpose does it serve?
“Technical communication conveys information that serves the needs of various settings. People might need this information to complete a task, answer a question, solve a problem, or make a decision.” (Lennon, 2008. pg.2).
Identify at least five types of documents or other written materials that could be considered technical writing that you engage in or see in your home and/or workplace.
The five types of documents that I consider as technical writing in which I engage in are as follows:
1. Proposals are first on my list. My husband and I have been receiving bids for a lawn service, and I have received two proposals so far, and I am waiting for one more.
2. The second type of document that I consider technical writing electronic mail.
3. Next on my list is my mail that is delivered by my mailman.
4. Then on my list are e-books, I am in love with my kindle, how did we ever survive without electronics?
5. Finally, the last document that I consider technical writing is my school books.
Reference
Lannon, J. M. (2008). Technical Communication (11th ed.). New York, New York: Longman: Pearson
Why do we need technical communication?
How would we know how to proceed and move forward without instruction? In Technical Communication, it states that “More and more of our everyday actions and decisions depend on complex but usable technical information. To interact with technology in so many ways, we all rely on usable technical information.” (Lennon, 2008. pg. 2).
What purpose does it serve?
“Technical communication conveys information that serves the needs of various settings. People might need this information to complete a task, answer a question, solve a problem, or make a decision.” (Lennon, 2008. pg.2).
Identify at least five types of documents or other written materials that could be considered technical writing that you engage in or see in your home and/or workplace.
The five types of documents that I consider as technical writing in which I engage in are as follows:
1. Proposals are first on my list. My husband and I have been receiving bids for a lawn service, and I have received two proposals so far, and I am waiting for one more.
2. The second type of document that I consider technical writing electronic mail.
3. Next on my list is my mail that is delivered by my mailman.
4. Then on my list are e-books, I am in love with my kindle, how did we ever survive without electronics?
5. Finally, the last document that I consider technical writing is my school books.
Reference
Lannon, J. M. (2008). Technical Communication (11th ed.). New York, New York: Longman: Pearson
Learning Perspectives from Virtual Worlds
LEARNING PERSPECTIVES FROM VIRTUAL WORLDS
Misty Filippelli
Advanced Communication in Society
Professor Pengilly
January 25, 2010
According to one website, information technology specifically virtual communities provided opportunities to communication. People that share common interest regardless of nationalities learn to connect with each other. This in turn affects attitude and behavior due to broadening of a person’s world view. Recently, the famous singer John Mayer tweeted in his tweeter account that he was withdrawing from the online world for one week in order to gain new perspective. Virtual realities taught users new perspective in a subconscious manner.
Active World was a system that allows interaction between users in a 3-D computer-generated virtual environment accessible via the internet. It consisted of more than 500 interlinked separate virtual worlds that participated between 100 and 300 users at any time of day. This system allows voice-communication, 3-D images via the internet, and purely text-based - "MUDs" - where users could describe their appearance and the spaces they "move" in, in words. The voice and text MUD provided different terms of interaction between participants. But the Active World has collection of the gestures of users’ avatar - the capability to smile, frown, wave, jump and the like gestures. The 3-D images could be replaced by conversations by means of text (Allwood, 2010).
Misty Filippelli
Advanced Communication in Society
Professor Pengilly
January 25, 2010
According to one website, information technology specifically virtual communities provided opportunities to communication. People that share common interest regardless of nationalities learn to connect with each other. This in turn affects attitude and behavior due to broadening of a person’s world view. Recently, the famous singer John Mayer tweeted in his tweeter account that he was withdrawing from the online world for one week in order to gain new perspective. Virtual realities taught users new perspective in a subconscious manner.
Active World was a system that allows interaction between users in a 3-D computer-generated virtual environment accessible via the internet. It consisted of more than 500 interlinked separate virtual worlds that participated between 100 and 300 users at any time of day. This system allows voice-communication, 3-D images via the internet, and purely text-based - "MUDs" - where users could describe their appearance and the spaces they "move" in, in words. The voice and text MUD provided different terms of interaction between participants. But the Active World has collection of the gestures of users’ avatar - the capability to smile, frown, wave, jump and the like gestures. The 3-D images could be replaced by conversations by means of text (Allwood, 2010).
Effective Conflict Management
Effective Conflict Management
Misty Filippelli
Communication and Conflict
Dr. Pedersen
August 3, 2009
This paper explores in detail the elements that make up the effective management of conflicts. It includes a discussion of the role that communication plays within conflict process views, and the kinds of devices of communication that are effective in bringing about, in a harmonious fashion, the resolution of conflicts.
The reality of the world is that, as individuals that have unique preferences, physiologies, psychologies, and ways of approaching and dealing with the world, conflicts are a natural consequence of and occurrence in human interaction. There is therefore a need for people to employ different forms of conflict management in order to live sanely, and in order to be able to coexist and thrive together with other people in a community. In the text Managing Conflict Through Communication, conflict management is described as “the behavior a person employs based on his or her analysis of a conflict situation,” with emphasis on the words “behavior” and “situation,” which have special connotations in the theory relating to conflict management. The two concepts are said to be intrinsic in events that follow one after another in series, and which, when viewed together, can be taken as the progression of a larger phenomenon that is occurring in stages or phases. Conflict then can be viewed likewise as a reality that occurs in phases or stages, and as such the whole of conflict and conflict management can be thought of as a process. (This is a very nicely written, concise and accurate description of the idea of conflict as a process.) For example, where the series of steps in the conflict process repeats over and over, one begins to discern the pattern that is thought of in the literature as cyclical, or comprising a cycle. The view of conflict as a process then begets the notion that conflict occurs in phases or stages, as discussed above, and one that can repeat itself as a cycle. There are special considerations for when conflicts become cyclical, and such occurrences are rich mines for insights with regard to the nature of conflict and what it can take to manage conflicts properly. Process and phase views of conflict, on the other hand, can also be regarded as discrete and mutually exclusive views, with one yielding insights and conclusions that may differ markedly from the insights and conclusions that can be derived from the other view of what conflict is (Cahn & Abigail, 2007, pp. 152-154).
Misty Filippelli
Communication and Conflict
Dr. Pedersen
August 3, 2009
This paper explores in detail the elements that make up the effective management of conflicts. It includes a discussion of the role that communication plays within conflict process views, and the kinds of devices of communication that are effective in bringing about, in a harmonious fashion, the resolution of conflicts.
The reality of the world is that, as individuals that have unique preferences, physiologies, psychologies, and ways of approaching and dealing with the world, conflicts are a natural consequence of and occurrence in human interaction. There is therefore a need for people to employ different forms of conflict management in order to live sanely, and in order to be able to coexist and thrive together with other people in a community. In the text Managing Conflict Through Communication, conflict management is described as “the behavior a person employs based on his or her analysis of a conflict situation,” with emphasis on the words “behavior” and “situation,” which have special connotations in the theory relating to conflict management. The two concepts are said to be intrinsic in events that follow one after another in series, and which, when viewed together, can be taken as the progression of a larger phenomenon that is occurring in stages or phases. Conflict then can be viewed likewise as a reality that occurs in phases or stages, and as such the whole of conflict and conflict management can be thought of as a process. (This is a very nicely written, concise and accurate description of the idea of conflict as a process.) For example, where the series of steps in the conflict process repeats over and over, one begins to discern the pattern that is thought of in the literature as cyclical, or comprising a cycle. The view of conflict as a process then begets the notion that conflict occurs in phases or stages, as discussed above, and one that can repeat itself as a cycle. There are special considerations for when conflicts become cyclical, and such occurrences are rich mines for insights with regard to the nature of conflict and what it can take to manage conflicts properly. Process and phase views of conflict, on the other hand, can also be regarded as discrete and mutually exclusive views, with one yielding insights and conclusions that may differ markedly from the insights and conclusions that can be derived from the other view of what conflict is (Cahn & Abigail, 2007, pp. 152-154).
Tuesday, June 15, 2010
Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Forgiveness can be an integral part in conflict resolution and even a strong factor in psychological and physical health. Some philosophers state that forgiveness is a gift to the person doing the forgiving, not necessarily for the forgiven.
Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Yes, I do believe that statement, and according to Managing Conflict Through Communication, Forgiveness is a cognitive process that consists of letting go of feelings of revenge and desires to retaliate. Reconciliation is a behavioral process in which we take actions to restore a relationship or create a new one following forgiveness. The evidence indicates that forgiveness is an important mental process that should follow traumatic conflict. Reconciliation, on the other hand, involves a series of actions we may choose to avoid, particularly if the offender is likely to violate us again (p.232). “We do not forgive to become martyrs to the relationship. We forgive because it is better for us, and better for the other person (p.233). Most writers in the area of forgiveness have argued that holding onto grief and hurt is psychologically unhealthy (p.235). By placing blame on other people, we relinquish our control over our emotions and give that control to another. A lack of forgiveness accompanied by resentment and bitterness is a stress factor leading to burnout. Linn and Linn argued that “forgiveness is at least as important a discovery for treating emotional illness as penicillin is for treating physical illness (p.236).
Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Yes, I do believe that statement, and according to Managing Conflict Through Communication, Forgiveness is a cognitive process that consists of letting go of feelings of revenge and desires to retaliate. Reconciliation is a behavioral process in which we take actions to restore a relationship or create a new one following forgiveness. The evidence indicates that forgiveness is an important mental process that should follow traumatic conflict. Reconciliation, on the other hand, involves a series of actions we may choose to avoid, particularly if the offender is likely to violate us again (p.232). “We do not forgive to become martyrs to the relationship. We forgive because it is better for us, and better for the other person (p.233). Most writers in the area of forgiveness have argued that holding onto grief and hurt is psychologically unhealthy (p.235). By placing blame on other people, we relinquish our control over our emotions and give that control to another. A lack of forgiveness accompanied by resentment and bitterness is a stress factor leading to burnout. Linn and Linn argued that “forgiveness is at least as important a discovery for treating emotional illness as penicillin is for treating physical illness (p.236).
Stress & Anger
How do stress and anger affect the communication in conflict resolution situations?
According to Managing Conflict Through Communication, “while conflict, does include the words, stress and anger, most of us associate them with interpersonal conflict” (p.196). Walker and Brokaw define stress as something that “arises when the perceived demands of a situation exceed the perceived capacities for meeting demands”; we would add that stress also occurs when we fear that the demands on us might exceed our capacities, even when we have not been given a reason to fear (p.197). Managing stress once it occurs can also head off the escalation of conflicts that occur because of it (p.204). I know for myself, when I get stressed out, which lately seems like everyday, I have to get outside and run. I don’t know what it is about running, but after a couple of miles and a cold shower, I feel like I can think rationally and then deal with the stress. When we are stressed, it is more difficult to practice good communication skills. Empathy is a difficult skill to acquire. It is hard to hear another person out and want to respond to them. Keeping stress at an optimal level is a way of ensuring competence in communication situations (p.204). Anger is a strong feeling of displeasure, a synonym for antagonism and rage. It is often an emotional response to a conflict situation that disrupts a calm state (p.205). Because we experience anger, it is important to understand what anger is and how to manage it. How we deal with our anger depends on our mental processes, our physical responses, and our verbal responses (p.205). I found it humorous that on page 208 it says that “when we find ourselves in a situation where you are becoming angry, there are three sets of specific techniques that have proven useful for many people: Take time out, relaxation exercises, and self talk.” The reason that I saw this humorous is because over the years I have given myself many timeouts in order to compose myself to deal with the conflict, in addition, I talk to myself all the time, either “If I get my hands on him / her” or “Calm Down, it isn’t that bad” in all actuality, don’t we all or haven’t some of us used one if not all of these techniques at some point in our lives to cool off in order to think rationally, so one can express their anger effectively, in order for resolution?
According to Managing Conflict Through Communication, “while conflict, does include the words, stress and anger, most of us associate them with interpersonal conflict” (p.196). Walker and Brokaw define stress as something that “arises when the perceived demands of a situation exceed the perceived capacities for meeting demands”; we would add that stress also occurs when we fear that the demands on us might exceed our capacities, even when we have not been given a reason to fear (p.197). Managing stress once it occurs can also head off the escalation of conflicts that occur because of it (p.204). I know for myself, when I get stressed out, which lately seems like everyday, I have to get outside and run. I don’t know what it is about running, but after a couple of miles and a cold shower, I feel like I can think rationally and then deal with the stress. When we are stressed, it is more difficult to practice good communication skills. Empathy is a difficult skill to acquire. It is hard to hear another person out and want to respond to them. Keeping stress at an optimal level is a way of ensuring competence in communication situations (p.204). Anger is a strong feeling of displeasure, a synonym for antagonism and rage. It is often an emotional response to a conflict situation that disrupts a calm state (p.205). Because we experience anger, it is important to understand what anger is and how to manage it. How we deal with our anger depends on our mental processes, our physical responses, and our verbal responses (p.205). I found it humorous that on page 208 it says that “when we find ourselves in a situation where you are becoming angry, there are three sets of specific techniques that have proven useful for many people: Take time out, relaxation exercises, and self talk.” The reason that I saw this humorous is because over the years I have given myself many timeouts in order to compose myself to deal with the conflict, in addition, I talk to myself all the time, either “If I get my hands on him / her” or “Calm Down, it isn’t that bad” in all actuality, don’t we all or haven’t some of us used one if not all of these techniques at some point in our lives to cool off in order to think rationally, so one can express their anger effectively, in order for resolution?
Saturday, June 12, 2010
Delivering Bad News Tactfully and Effectively
Confronting an employee and delivering an ultimatum regarding the need to improve or face probable dismissal is difficult. Even when the employee has displayed a confrontational behavior, it is still best to be cool and tactful and be level headed. The first approach is to appeal to reasons (Guffey, 2008). Hence, the first thing is to research all about the employee – his performances for the last two weeks and in general and the complete details of his under performances and the details about his customers and co workers. I have to study this employee’s underperformance and problems along the way of gathering facts about him. This will give me the edge over his arguments but I will always remember to answer or reason back very mildly.
I also need to prepare how I will deliver my piece – the bad news. I need to outline what I need to say and practice delivering it very confidently, unassuming and coherent. I need to handle the talk in a respectful and positive way, ultimately strengthening the bond between two people (Segal, 2009). The immediate conflict resolution technique I will use is effective communications and empathy.
I also need to prepare how I will deliver my piece – the bad news. I need to outline what I need to say and practice delivering it very confidently, unassuming and coherent. I need to handle the talk in a respectful and positive way, ultimately strengthening the bond between two people (Segal, 2009). The immediate conflict resolution technique I will use is effective communications and empathy.
Monday, June 7, 2010
Television
The world has been greatly affected by the influence and power of the television since its invention. It not only entertains kids, but the entire population as it affects people’s emotions and preferences as well as aids in effective information dissemination all over the world. TV has gained the large number of hours from its viewers as it is the most popular and economical way of leisure and entertainment. With its powerful tools and influence it has played a big part in our society every day. For instance we are all seeing the live feed from the BP oil spill that is the largest oil spill in history, and we keep getting updates and live feed of this awful disaster in the Gulf of Mexico.
As the world is growing and the population increasing, the media has used the television to broadcast its news and quite effectively reaching all the inhabited parts of the earth. The TV has been a good tool for sports, commerce and entertainment. Indeed, the business brought about by the television has gained wealth for many companies and individuals. The television enables the society to move forward, improving its technology and its way of life.
The business industry has used television for it to gain more profit through advertising which allows the audience to be informed and familiarized with certain products and services. According to Raven et.al. the television offers companies wide opportunities to sell products they stated that: “In the market for TV advertising, advertisers purchase opportunities to present their products to TV viewers from the commercial broadcasters, often through the use of intermediary media buyers.”
The development of the television extends to its physical features which involves improvement in its size, slimness, color, audio, etc all for the benefit and pleasure of the viewers and its users. I have recently purchased a sleek flat screen for my bedroom.
Raven, J. et al..December 2004. Analysis of the TV Advertising Market. Page 13, UK.
As the world is growing and the population increasing, the media has used the television to broadcast its news and quite effectively reaching all the inhabited parts of the earth. The TV has been a good tool for sports, commerce and entertainment. Indeed, the business brought about by the television has gained wealth for many companies and individuals. The television enables the society to move forward, improving its technology and its way of life.
The business industry has used television for it to gain more profit through advertising which allows the audience to be informed and familiarized with certain products and services. According to Raven et.al. the television offers companies wide opportunities to sell products they stated that: “In the market for TV advertising, advertisers purchase opportunities to present their products to TV viewers from the commercial broadcasters, often through the use of intermediary media buyers.”
The development of the television extends to its physical features which involves improvement in its size, slimness, color, audio, etc all for the benefit and pleasure of the viewers and its users. I have recently purchased a sleek flat screen for my bedroom.
Works Cited:
Mobile Phones
The development of the mobile phones has had a great impact on the world today. Many people especially the affluent ones will spend a considerable amount of money to acquire the latest and greatest cell phones with vast features necessary to their lifestyle. Other people of lower economic status view each new cell phone available in the market as just new and tempting. Cell phones influences people’s lives and has grown to become a necessity for life. Teenagers can’t live without them, and now moms can’t text enough! The International Telecommunication Union reported in a press release that: “Since the turn of the century, the growth of mobile cellular subscribers has been impressive, with year-on-year growth averaging 24 percent between 2000 and 2008. While in 2000, mobile penetration stood at only 12 per cent, it surpassed the 50 per cent mark by early 2008. It is estimated to reach about 61 per cent by the end of 2008.”
The advancement of the mobile phone technology includes the transformation of appearances and features. The mobile phones that used to look like bricks a few decades ago are now transformed into small slim-type phones that could be put in pockets and bags without causing too much hassle and occupying large areas. Today’s modern phones exceeded the original feature of a traditional phone – for calling and sending instant messages, but contains features that could be used for web browsing, chats, emails, video calls and other features that we humans can’t live without. The development of the mobile phones has enabled people to connect with others easily as it features national and international linkages as well as real-time interactions. Skype is our new computer telephone that is a hot commodity among many. I see many business people not only on their Blackberries, but interacting with Skype via their computer for tele communication purposes.
International Telecommunication Union. September 2008. Press Release: Worldwide Mobile Cellular Subscribers to Reach 4 Billion Mark Late 2008. Switzerland
The advancement of the mobile phone technology includes the transformation of appearances and features. The mobile phones that used to look like bricks a few decades ago are now transformed into small slim-type phones that could be put in pockets and bags without causing too much hassle and occupying large areas. Today’s modern phones exceeded the original feature of a traditional phone – for calling and sending instant messages, but contains features that could be used for web browsing, chats, emails, video calls and other features that we humans can’t live without. The development of the mobile phones has enabled people to connect with others easily as it features national and international linkages as well as real-time interactions. Skype is our new computer telephone that is a hot commodity among many. I see many business people not only on their Blackberries, but interacting with Skype via their computer for tele communication purposes.
Works Cited:
International Telecommunication Union. September 2008. Press Release: Worldwide Mobile Cellular Subscribers to Reach 4 Billion Mark Late 2008. Switzerland
Technological Gadgets
Technology is a defined as applied science which yields to its development beneficial to practical purposes. The modern world experience rapid research expansion which gave way to the development of many useful gadgets relative to the comfort of men and these includes portable media players such as iPods, MP3s, and MP4s. These modern era shows that technology is only limited by our imagination.
Few technological gadgets developed have the effect on man’s great interest to be upbeat with music; no doubt MP3s had made a dramatic impact on the music industry. The MP3s have revolutionized listening to music through easy downloads and vast memory storage leaving the compact disc technology behind. The songs could be stored in one computer file and transferred into these MP3s ready to be taken anywhere at any time. The MP3 technology involves a “way of encoding musical files onto a format that can be played either on computers or on portable player such as an iPod.” (Rosenberger)
An iPod is originally intended as an agent to be able to listen to music, and it stays the same however the iPods have been used for academic purposes. The Duke University made use of the iPods in their campus for more effective and easier teaching as the Duke Univesity reported in their annual report:
“Use of the IPods has enabled faculty to simplify course delivery and, in some cases, to improve course design and enhance course content. Many faculty involved in the iPod project had not previously considered the use of this type of technology for their courses. Other faculties whose needs for technology to support or enhance their teaching have not been met by initiative have more clearly articulated their needs through many discussions across campus.”
Pushing beyond the limits of the MP3 technology results to the development of MP4s, which basically like the MP3 is intended to hold audio and video files. MP4s have different catchy features which includes web surfing, email, instant messaging, voice recording and video technology. To me the MP4 is to compete with the Apple I-Phone.
Rosenberger,E..Advantages and Disadvantages of MP3 Technology.
Few technological gadgets developed have the effect on man’s great interest to be upbeat with music; no doubt MP3s had made a dramatic impact on the music industry. The MP3s have revolutionized listening to music through easy downloads and vast memory storage leaving the compact disc technology behind. The songs could be stored in one computer file and transferred into these MP3s ready to be taken anywhere at any time. The MP3 technology involves a “way of encoding musical files onto a format that can be played either on computers or on portable player such as an iPod.” (Rosenberger)
An iPod is originally intended as an agent to be able to listen to music, and it stays the same however the iPods have been used for academic purposes. The Duke University made use of the iPods in their campus for more effective and easier teaching as the Duke Univesity reported in their annual report:
“Use of the IPods has enabled faculty to simplify course delivery and, in some cases, to improve course design and enhance course content. Many faculty involved in the iPod project had not previously considered the use of this type of technology for their courses. Other faculties whose needs for technology to support or enhance their teaching have not been met by initiative have more clearly articulated their needs through many discussions across campus.”
Pushing beyond the limits of the MP3 technology results to the development of MP4s, which basically like the MP3 is intended to hold audio and video files. MP4s have different catchy features which includes web surfing, email, instant messaging, voice recording and video technology. To me the MP4 is to compete with the Apple I-Phone.
Works Cited:
Internet
The Internet is a powerful tool of this modern world. I have become to rely on the Internet for phone numbers for example, and when my Internet is down I find myself in a panic. It is the most influential which caused transition in the means of people’s communication, education, and trade. The Internet’s infamous ability of rapid information dissemination, either fact or fiction, cannot be denied. Indeed the transition for the conveyance of information is apparent from the traditional use of the spreadsheet to the cable news then now to Internet websites broadcasting the news around the world which could be accessed even at your own given time. No doubt, the development of the Internet and its easy access has greatly altered and facilitated the methods of communication connecting the people around the world at the fastest rate possible.
Since the outset of the Internet, this tool was widely utilized by individuals in many categories essential to their life. The medical world has been utilizing the Internet for its medical applications and teaching. According to D.M. Sendall, “The World-Wide Web was first developed as a tool for collaboration in the high energy physics community. From there it spread rapidly to other fields, and grew to its present impressive size. As an easy way to access information, it has been a great success, and a huge number of medical applications have taken advantage of it”. Human interaction can be easily achieved through the Internet. The Internet has contributed a wide effect on human relations as well as learning. R. Young reported that:
“There is a very rapidly growing list of web sites, many with extensive archives. You can also find an increasing number of books and articles in the internet, and certain journals and periodicals are accessible on the web, with more coming on-line every day ….. You would be amazed at how much is academic and cultural information is available on the web and how extensively used it is.”
The Internet entails great positive effect on commerce. It makes business accessible within every nation enabling international trades through especially designed websites. Many companies earned more in the incorporation of the technology in their businesses. According to V. Borsi, “The use of a website by enterprises is a step forward in e-business, as it involves a more active role than just having an internet connection, independently of its use.”
The number of Internet users has increased to a tremendous count to nearly 1.5 billion surfers worldwide as of June 30, 2008. (Schonfeld, 2009) These facts indicate that the Internet has significant effects on the lives of people.
The Internet indeed has transformed human life in every significant element there is such as communication, learning, medicine, human relations, and commerce. It has altered the essential aspects of the society.
Borsi, V. Jun 2007. The role of Internet and other computer networks to do e-business – enlightening the European situation.
Schonfeld,E. Jan 2009 ComScore: Internet Population Passes One Billion; Top 15 Countries. Retrieved from http://techcrunch.com/
Sendall, D. M..1996. The World-Wide Web Past Present and Future, and its application to Medicine. CERN. Switzerland
Young, R. M. The Role of the Internet in the Theory and Practice of Human Relations. London
Since the outset of the Internet, this tool was widely utilized by individuals in many categories essential to their life. The medical world has been utilizing the Internet for its medical applications and teaching. According to D.M. Sendall, “The World-Wide Web was first developed as a tool for collaboration in the high energy physics community. From there it spread rapidly to other fields, and grew to its present impressive size. As an easy way to access information, it has been a great success, and a huge number of medical applications have taken advantage of it”. Human interaction can be easily achieved through the Internet. The Internet has contributed a wide effect on human relations as well as learning. R. Young reported that:
“There is a very rapidly growing list of web sites, many with extensive archives. You can also find an increasing number of books and articles in the internet, and certain journals and periodicals are accessible on the web, with more coming on-line every day ….. You would be amazed at how much is academic and cultural information is available on the web and how extensively used it is.”
The Internet entails great positive effect on commerce. It makes business accessible within every nation enabling international trades through especially designed websites. Many companies earned more in the incorporation of the technology in their businesses. According to V. Borsi, “The use of a website by enterprises is a step forward in e-business, as it involves a more active role than just having an internet connection, independently of its use.”
The number of Internet users has increased to a tremendous count to nearly 1.5 billion surfers worldwide as of June 30, 2008. (Schonfeld, 2009) These facts indicate that the Internet has significant effects on the lives of people.
The Internet indeed has transformed human life in every significant element there is such as communication, learning, medicine, human relations, and commerce. It has altered the essential aspects of the society.
Works Cited:
Borsi, V. Jun 2007. The role of Internet and other computer networks to do e-business – enlightening the European situation.
Schonfeld,E. Jan 2009 ComScore: Internet Population Passes One Billion; Top 15 Countries. Retrieved from http://techcrunch.com/
Sendall, D. M..1996. The World-Wide Web Past Present and Future, and its application to Medicine. CERN. Switzerland
Young, R. M. The Role of the Internet in the Theory and Practice of Human Relations. London
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